|
MVRDV在荷兰鹿特丹设计了一座拱形室内集市。集市内可以容纳96个农产品销售台，20个酒类及其他物品零售台。集市上方的拱形由228个公寓单元组成。
集市下方的停车场共有四层能提供1200个车位。这种集市加公寓的组合方式无疑是世界头例。未来这里将有来自世界各地的美食产品和当地的新鲜农业产品，
让人领略到舌尖上的世界风味和健康滋味。
MVRDV在荷兰鹿特丹设计了一座拱形室内集市。集市内可以容纳96个农产品销售台，20个酒类及其他物品零售台。集市上方的拱形由228个公寓单元组成。
集市下方的停车场共有四层能提供1200个车位。这种集市加公寓的组合方式无疑是世界头例。未来这里将有来自世界各地的美食产品和当地的新鲜农业产品，
让人领略到舌尖上的世界风味和健康滋味。
Queen Máxima opens Markthal Rotterdam: The first covered market hall in the Netherlands
In an official ceremony on Wednesday afternoon 1October, Her Majesty Queen Máxima will open Markthal Rotterdam, a project realized by developer
Provast.
The covered market, designed by architects MVRDV, is located in the city center of Rotterdam and comprises 96 fresh produce units and 20 hospitality
and retail units. The roof of Markthal is shaped by an arch of 228 apartments. A four-story underground car park offers 1.200 parking lots. This
combination of market and housing is the first of its kind, making it a world premiere. The inside of the archway bears the biggest artwork in the
Netherlands: The Horn of Plenty, designed by Arno Coenen and Iris Roskam.
Markthal draws inspiration from food markets in Barcelona, Valencia and Stockholm. Market vendors will offer a diverse range of regional and
international products such as fresh fish, poultry, cheeses, coffee, vegetables and fruit, besides a crockery and a wine shop. Next to the sales units, ‘The
World of Taste’, a center for education, information and innovation in the field of healthy eating and ‘The Time Stairs’ aim to engage the visitors in the
history of food and its development. The Time Stairs is a permanent exhibition along the central staircase of Markthal which will showcase the archeological
finds discovered during the site excavation.
Markthal will be open seven days a week, Mondays to Saturdays from 10 am till 8 pm (late opening till 9 pm), and Sundays from 12 pm till 6 pm, with
extended opening times for the restaurants. The underground parking is open 24 hours a day.
Rotterdam has a new icon: Markthal Rotterdam. At a historical location at the Binnenrotte, next to BlaakStation and the largest weekly open air fresh food
and hardware market in Rotterdam, the first covered market of the Netherlands was realised. Markthal includes a huge market floor on the ground floor
under an arch of apartments. Its shape, its colourful interiorand the height turns Markthal into an unique spectacle. Unique is not only its shape and size,
but especially the way the different functions are combined. The combination of an apartment building covering a fresh food market with food shops,
restaurants, a supermarket and an underground parking is found nowhere else in the world.
Location
Urban transformation
Markthal was a success already before being realised:it is a new and fresh icon which already has attracted large quantities of international press and
visitors. The centrally located building is rooted in the city’s history, located parallel to the late medieval ‘Laurenskerk’ (Laurens church) and at the location
of the former dike along the river Rotte. This river was diverted at the end of the 19th centuryin favour of a train line viaduct leading to the south bank of
the river Maas. In the 1990’s this trajectory was rebuilt as an underground tunnel and the current oblong square emerged which offers room for the open air
fresh food market twice a week. The 1950’s buildings on either side of the old highline suddenly faced the new square with their backsides and have been
replaced ever since.
Markthal means an important impulse to its surrounding area which is a strong contribution to the urban economy. Markthal with its daily fresh food
market, shops and apartments, creates coherence and connections in the neighbourhood which will reach a new centrality. After completion of Markthal,
the city of Rotterdam will start to refurbish Binnenrotte Square to make it more attractive also on days that there is no outdoor market. After the
refurbishment the outdoor market will be reconfigured, the market lanes will connect seamlessly to the entrances of Markthal, to allow the public to easily
enter and exit the building and to create incentives between the two markets, indoor and outdoor.
The building is a new statement in the urban structure of Rotterdam with its high diversity of icons from the days of reconstruction and urban renewal, but
also some new buildings that have been realised over the last years. It is in line with the city’s ambition to house more people in the centre and to raise the
life quality in post-industrial Rotterdam through a series of large scale projects and countless bottom-up projects. The combination of styles of
architecture forms an excellent environment for the spectacular design of Markthal.
Accessibility
Markthal is accessible by all means of transport. Blaak train station is right in front of the building and serves also as metro, bus and tram hub. In 2015 the
city of Rotterdam will construct a recessed bicycle parking right next to Markthal with space for 800 bikes. Next to this excellent accessibility by public
transport Markthal is also easy accessible by car. The four underground parking levels offer 1.200 parking places. As part of the general transformation of
the ‘Laurenskwartier’ (Laurens quarter) neighbourhood these parking places are not only available to inhabitants but also open to visitors of Markthal, the
library, the outside market and tourist attractions in the area. A new traffic plan in the vicinity of the car park entrance will avoid queues, Markthal parking
will be open 24/7.
Archaeology
In 2009 and 2010 the Archaeology Department of the city of Rotterdam (BOOR) has conducted a large excavation in the construction site of Markthal.
Typical eccentricity in Holland: the archaeological research started at a depth of 3 meters underneath sea level. The Markthal site was extremely
interesting for archaeologists as it is the very place where Rotterdam was founded in 1270 by construction of a dike in the river Rotte. In 1340 Rotterdam
received the status of a city and was expanded towards the current Blaak station.
In the 16th century the population of Rotterdam grew rapidly. On the site of Markthal was a densely populated neighbourhood with residential buildings and
herring fishing companies which were since the 17th century gradually replaced by inn’s, shops and office buildings. During the bombardment in May 1940
all historic urban fabric was destroyed. After the war a school was built on the site which was demolished for the construction of Markthal. The school
moved into an empty office building at the western façade of Markthal, from their class rooms and the roof top playground the pupils have great vistas
through the entire length of Markthal. The research by BOOR was executed under great public interest and shows in great detail how a thousand years ago,
at the site of Markthal, pioneers started to cultivate the land and made a living.
Museum ‘De Tijdtrap’(The Time Stair): Middle Ages underneath the Markthal
‘De Tijdtrap’ is a lasting memoir of the archaeological research conducted at the Markthal site. It presents the history of Rotterdam in a vertical exhibition
alongside the escalator in the centre of Markthal which connects the hall to the four underground levels. The deeper the escalator goes, the more in depth
the history of Rotterdam is presented in a number of displays with findings and models, accompanied by sound and images. Together they tell the story of
the beginning of Rotterdam and its history of food.
Architecture
In October 2004 the team of Provast developers and architecture studio MVRDV won a competition organised by the city of Rotterdam for the design and
construction of a market hall at Binnenrotte. The municipality wanted to extend the existing open air market with a covered addition. According to stricter
European rules in the future the open air sale of fresh and chilled food would not be permitted anymore. Next to this the municipality wanted to augment the
amount of inhabitants in the city centre in order to create more capacity for the services in the area. The demanded programme – housing, parking and a
market hall – asked for an obvious solution: two residential slabs with an economically constructible market hall in between. Provast and MVRDV had seen
in the South of Europe that these kind of market halls are often dark, introverted buildings with little connection to the surrounding urban area. The
Markthal in Rotterdam however was to be an important impulse in the development of the ‘Laurenskwartier’ (Laurens quarter) neighbourhood and had to
strengthen the Eastern side of the city centre. A highly public, open building with good accessibility was needed. The team decided to just flip the two slabs
and market which led to a larger hall with two wide openings towards the city. In order to make the construction more efficient a curve was chosen that
fitted a traditional elevator core. By adding some space to the lower floors for extra retail space the current volume of the arch emerged 120 meters long, 70
meters wide and 40 meters tall.
The building needed to be as open as possible to attract the public and at the same time it had to be closed off due to weather conditions. Keeping the closure
as transparent as possible a cable net façade was chosen which needs very few constructive elements. Its principle is comparable to a tennis racket in which
the steel cable are used as strings in between which the glass is mounted. This cable net façade is the largest of its kind in Europe. Because of this miracle of
engineering the art piece inside is visible from the outside, its lush shapes and colours invite the public to enter the building. The exterior of the Markthal is
executed in grey natural stone, the same as on the pavements, to put the emphasis onto the interior.
Markthal is a building without a backside. All sides of the building are accessible or shop windows. The entire supply for the hall, the shops and restaurants
is therefore located underground. The first basement floor features anexpedition court to which the delivery can happen with vans, from this exhibition
court freight elevators reach the market hall. In this way inhabitants are not hindered by distribution activities that often occur in the early hours of the
morning. Also in the basement is an Albert Heijn supermarket, Etos and Gall & Gall. The delivery for these stores is organised through an underground
tunnel leading to hidden elevators at Binnenrotte square, in this way larger lorries can operate in distance to the hall. Inhabitants have storage rooms and
shared bicycle rooms in the basement.
Inhabitants can reach their apartments through six separate entrances leading to elevators and double helix flight stairs. Due to the curve of the structure
the elevator hall is gradually - floor by floor – changing in size and location. At the ground floor the elevator is located at the inner façade, at the top floor
towards the outer façade. Each elevator hall services a maximum of four apartments, two of which have windows to the market and all have large glass
fronts towards the outside.
这个世界上开先河的拱形市场+公寓+停车场一面试就受到世界媒体和城市群众的瞩目，成为当地的坐标。市场坐落在城市繁华区，河流与跌路从旁边经过，
古老的大教堂与市场遥相呼应。市民可以通过地铁，电车，公共汽车等交通方式方便的到达市场。市场的1200位停车场全天候24小时开放。
拱形的建筑具有良好的开放形象。市场大厅长120米，宽70米，高40米。两个端头是透明的玻璃幕墙，顶部是绚丽多彩的绘画。绘画由鹿特丹艺术家Arno
Coenen和Iris Roskam合作完成，用PIX的动画软件，将水果，鱼，面包，鲜花与附近的大教堂等等景色重叠起来，整个顶部艺术绘画的创作色彩丰富，内容
繁多，意喻新鲜的事物从太阳上降落。这样大面积的壁画创作的实现依靠3D投影技术，是的，您看到的图像都是被投影上去的，因为图像的面积很大，一台
电脑无法读取，因此发到了多台电脑和投影机进行分别处理与投影。另外在拱形的内部，也就是市场的天花和墙面上布置了2mm厚的吸音板，为市场创造了
良好的声学环境。
市场开放的时间是周一到周六的早九点到晚九点，周日是中午十二点到下午6点。
Horn of Plenty
The interior of the arch is covered by the gigantic art piece Horn of Plenty, a multi-coloured creation by Rotterdam artists Arno Coenen and Iris Roskam.
The art piece is a five layered digital print made with Pixar Animation software depicting a photographic 3D illusion of fresh products such as fruit, fish,
bread, flowers and also the tower of adjacent ‘Laurenskerk’ (Laurens church). Horn of Plenty refers to the great still-lives of the Dutch golden century, to the
Greek mythology in which Cornucopia is a legendary object and to the tradition of artistic arch decoration known from places such as the Sistine Chapel.
The artwork evokes the illusion of laying on your back in a meadow, looking up, right through Markthal towards the sky. The sun in the centre figures as
Horn of Plenty from which the fresh produce falls down to earth.
Horn of Plenty is one of the largest art pieces of the Netherlands. Its technology is unique, the fresh produce seems photographed but is built in the
computer, piece by piece. The 3D impression is detailed in the same resolution suitable for a glossy magazine. In total the image consist of 400.000
megapixels. 1.470 gigabyte have been sent to the printer, in parts, as one computer could never open such a large file.
The 11.000 m² art work have been screwed against the wooden interior facade of the hall in which must have been the largest puzzle of Europe. Each of the
4.500 aluminium panels sized 152 cm by 152 cm needed to be mounted in the right way at the right spot. The 2 mm thick panels are perforated in order to
absorb noise from the hall, this helps to create the excellent acoustic profile of the halls interior.
One piece in the centre of the art work is left white; here throughout the entire year an animation will be projected in the evening, this ‘video-mapping’ will
change and respond to themes such as season and food.
市场上方极具个性的公寓建筑开创了城市类型学的新图景，公园中有102个出租单元和126个出售单元。得益于拱形造型，顶部单元有着更宽大的屋顶露台。
公寓住户分别通过地面上6个入口进入公寓。公寓中窗户都是三层玻璃，隔音又隔绝味道。
|
